Russia and Iran are the most influential external powers supporting the Assad regime and it is expected that Moscow and Tehran will reap the benefits of Syria’s economic recovery. However, the reality of this dynamic is complicated.
Acknowledgments
This research was only made possible by the support of experts and researchers who shared their knowledge and experiences. I would like to especially thank Ayman Dassouky and Nawar Shaban for their rich contribution and constant support. My gratitude also goes to the anonymous reviewers, Lina Khatib, Mais Peachey and the editors at Chatham House for their feedback, edits, advice and above all their patience. Their support and efforts have enriched the research and allowed it to mature.