
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and the Chatham House editors for their useful remarks. He would also like to thank Dr Dong Liu (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences), ChuChu Zhang (Fudan University), Nejla Ben Mimoune (Brookings Doha Center), Yijia ‘Shannon’ Chen (Georgetown University), the anonymous interviewees, as well as Adel Hamaizia for his valuable suggestions.