About the Authors
James Shires is an assistant professor at the Institute for Security and Global Affairs, University of Leiden, and a non-resident research fellow with the Cyber Project at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. He is also a research affiliate with the Centre for Technology and Global Affairs at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford. His research examines cybersecurity in the Middle East and the development of cybersecurity expertise.
Joyce Hakmeh is a senior research fellow in the International Security Programme at Chatham House, and co-editor of the Journal of Cyber Policy. She specializes in cyber policy and provides regular analysis on issues that sit at the nexus between technology and geopolitics. She is developing a series of cyber capacity-building projects, including cyber simulation exercises aimed at senior decision-makers around the world. She is the co-chair of the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE) Working Group on Cybercrime and a member of its Advisory Board.