Professor, Public International and EU Laws, Cardiff School of Law and Politics, Cardiff University
Santiago
Canton
Director, Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Program, Inter-American Dialogue
Angelita
Baeyens
Vice President of International Advocacy and Litigation, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights
Solomon
Dersso
Commissioner, African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Asli Ü.
Bâli
Professor and Faculty Director, Promise Institute for Human Rights, UCLA School of Law
Ana
Lankes
Argentina and Chile Correspondent, The Economist
Global threats to the international rights regime today are multiple and complex. The bare power calculations of states’ national security, economic and diplomatic interests still present the primary challenge to compliance with human rights norms.
But threats to the international rights framework are emerging from three new directions: increased geopolitical competition with new powers whose views of state sovereignty are at odds with human rights obligations; the rise of xenophobic and populist domestic movements; and the spread of surveillance technologies. In addition, for billions of citizens living in poverty or conflict zones, the notion of an international legal regime to which they can appeal for the protection of their rights remains a distant fiction.
This book examines the threats to international and regional human rights in Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. It offers insights and recommendations for activists, policymakers, and academics to better understand and address the challenges. It is edited by Christopher Sabatini, Senior Research Fellow for Latin America, US and the Americas Programme at Chatham House.
Reclaiming human rights in a changing world order is part of the Chatham House/Brookings Institution Press Insights series. This is an Open Access title available under the terms of a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. We are grateful to the Ford Foundation for supporting this project.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACERWC
African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
ACHPR
African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
ACHR
American Convention on Human Rights (American Convention)
ACLED
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
ACtHPR
African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights
AI
artificial intelligence
AICHR
ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights
AIIB
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
ASEAN
Association of South-East Asian Nations
AUC
African Union Commission
AWS
autonomous weapon systems
BRI
Belt and Road Initiative (China)
BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
CAT
Committee against Torture (UN)
CCP
Chinese Communist Party
CERD
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
CHR
Commission on Human Rights (UN)
CIS
Commonwealth of Independent States
CODESRIA
Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa
CoE
Council of Europe
CSCE
Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
CSO
civil society organization
CSTO
Collective Security Treaty Organization
DLT
decentralized ledger technologies (blockchain)
DNS
domain name system
EAEU
Eurasian Economic Union
ECHR
European Convention on Human Rights
ECNL
European Center for Not-for-Profit Law
ECOSOC
Economic and Social Council
ECtHR
European Court of Human Rights
ETIM
East Turkestan Islamic Movement
FDI
foreign direct investment
GIEI
Grupo Interdisciplinario de Expertos Independientes
GONGO
government-organized nongovernmental organization
HDIM
Human Dimension Implementation Meeting (OSCE)
HRC
Human Rights Council
HRIs
human rights organizations
IACHR
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
IACtHR
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
IASHR
Inter-American System of Human Rights
ICC
International Criminal Court
ICCPR
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICESCR
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
ICISS
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
ICJ
International Court of Justice
ICNL
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
ICRC
International Committee of the Red Cross
ICTSD
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development
ICTY
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
IDEA
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
IGE
Institute for Global Engagement
IIIM
International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism
IJOP
Integrated Joint-Operations Platform
IoT
Internet of Things
IP
internet protocol
IRFA
International Religious Freedom Act (1998)
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ISP
internet service provider
ITU
International Telecommunications Union
LGBT(I)
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (Intersex)
MFN
most favored nation
NGO
nongovernmental organization
OAS
Organization of American States
ODIHR
Office for Democratic Initiatives and Human Rights
OHCHR
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
OIC
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
OSCE
Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe
P5
Permanent Five UN Security Council members
PRC
People’s Republic of China; Permanent Representatives Committee (AU)
QCCM
Quadrilateral Cooperation and Coordination Mechanism
R2P
Responsibility to Protect
RIPE
NCC Regional Internet Registry for Europe Network Coordination Centre
SADC
Southern Africa Development Community
SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SCO
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
SDGs
Sustainable Development Goals (UN)
SDO
standards developing organization
TBT
technical barriers to trade (WTO)
UAE
United Arab Emirates
UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UN
United Nations Human Rights Council
UNASUR
Union of South American Nations
UNCCW
UN Convention on Conventional Weapons
UNGGE
Group of Governmental Experts (on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems)