Many middle powers have been warning of the dangers inherent in the decline of the liberal international order. The time has come for these countries to translate their warnings into concerted action.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the officials of the Canadian, German and British governments who took the time to share their thoughts on the subject of this briefing paper. A discussion among experts from several countries, organized by the Global Public Policy Institute in Munich in February 2019, was also helpful. The author also thanks the staff of the US and the Americas Programme at Chatham House, one anonymous reviewer and Professor Thomas Hale for their comments on an earlier draft of this Briefing.
Chatham House thanks the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung for its generous support of this project.