Annex 2
Table 3: Official development aid to Ukraine, disbursements in 1991–2016, $ million (2015 constant prices)
|
Donor |
Aid type |
Total 1991–2004 |
Total 2005–16 |
Total 1991–2016 |
|
All donors |
All grants |
5,471.26 |
8,312.51 |
13,783.77 |
|
All donors |
Technical cooperation |
3,240.17 |
2,780.6 |
6,020.77 |
|
EU member states (OECD-DAC)* and EU institutions |
All grants |
3,327.59 |
4,441.13 |
7,768.72 |
|
EU member states (OECD-DAC) and EU institutions |
Technical cooperation |
1,173.52 |
1,852.52 |
3,026.04 |
|
EU institutions |
All grants |
812.21 |
2,164.59 |
2,976.8 |
|
EU institutions |
Technical cooperation |
266.07 |
509.02 |
775.09 |
|
EU member states (non OECD-DAC) |
All grants |
0.71 |
23.07 |
23.78 |
|
EU member states (non OECD-DAC) |
Technical cooperation |
0 |
5.54 |
5.54 |
|
G7 |
All grants |
5,092.93 |
3,685.89 |
8,778.82 |
|
G7 |
Technical cooperation |
2,803.95 |
1,687.11 |
4,491.06 |
|
US |
All grants |
2,565.56 |
1,810.62 |
4,376.18 |
|
US |
Technical cooperation |
1,905.61 |
414.06 |
2,319.67 |
|
Canada |
All grants |
286.28 |
363.6 |
649.88 |
|
Canada |
Technical cooperation |
76.96 |
210.05 |
287.01 |
|
Japan |
All grants |
16.08 |
72.99 |
89.07 |
|
Japan |
Technical cooperation |
8.48 |
31.51 |
39.99 |
|
EU member states and EU institutions |
All grants |
3,328.3 |
4,464.2 |
7,792.5 |
|
EU member states and EU institutions |
Technical cooperation |
1,173.52 |
1,858.06 |
3,031.58 |
|
EU institutions, share of total, % |
All grants |
14.8 |
26.0 |
21.6 |
|
EU institutions, share of total, % |
Technical cooperation |
8.2 |
18.3 |
12.9 |
|
EU member states and EU institutions, share of total, % |
All grants |
60.8 |
53.7 |
56.5 |
|
EU member states and EU institutions, share of total, % |
Technical cooperation |
36.2 |
66.8 |
50.4 |
|
G7 countries, share of total, % |
All grants |
93.1 |
44.3 |
63.7 |
|
G7 countries, share of total, % |
Technical cooperation |
86.5 |
60.7 |
74.6 |
|
US, share of total, % |
All grants |
46.9 |
21.8 |
31.7 |
|
US, share of total, % |
Technical cooperation |
58.8 |
14.9 |
38.5 |
|
EU institutions technical cooperation, share of EU institutions total grants, % |
|
32.8 |
23.5 |
26.0 |
|
EU member states and EU institutions technical cooperation, share of total EU member states and EU institutions total grants, % |
|
35.3 |
41.6 |
38.9 |
|
All donors technical cooperation, share of all grants, % |
|
59.2 |
33.5 |
43.7 |
Source: Authors’ calculations using data from OECD International Development Statistics, http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.htm.
* Member of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC). The non-DAC EU member states are Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta and Romania.
Unlike in Table 1 and Annex 1, the OECD data here are in US dollars and not in euros, in disbursements and not commitments, in constant value for a given year as opposed to (likely) current value in the SGUA and European Court of Auditors (ECA) reports (the latter two do not specify current or constant prices – in the EU documents, when prices are not specified, the values normally express current prices). However, even if not directly comparable to the data in Table 1 and Annex 1, the data here indicate the scale of the gap between commitments and disbursements. For the EU assistance, the amount of unspent commitments was about €800 million for 1991–2016 (calculated as €3.8 billion of EU commitments to Ukraine during 1991–2016 (see Annex 1) minus €2.97 billion of EU expenditures (ODA disbursements) during the same period). This rough estimate does not take into account fluctuations of the EUR/USD exchange rate and denomination of prices (constant or current).
By volume of grant assistance, EU member states were more significant donors than the EU institutions. The latter provided $2.98 billion while collectively EU member states provided $4.82 billion.
This dataset makes it possible to measure the share of the aid that went to ‘technical cooperation’, which is essentially ‘technical assistance’. Technical cooperation as a share of total grant aid declined from 59 per cent in 1991–2004 to 33 per cent in 2005–16. The EU institutions’ assistance also followed this trend (falling from 33 per cent to 24 per cent). However, for the EU member states and institutions, the share of technical cooperation increased from 35.3 per cent to 41.6 per cent, mainly due to increased technical assistance from EU member states. On the other hand, supply of technical assistance stayed the same for all donors and was actually increased by the EU. The relative decrease in the share of technical assistance was caused by a significant increase of the overall grants during 2005–16.
According to the OECD glossary, ‘technical co-operation includes both (a) grants to nationals of aid recipient countries receiving education or training at home or abroad, and (b) payments to consultants, advisers and similar personnel as well as teachers and administrators serving in recipient countries (including the cost of associated equipment)’. Assistance of this kind, which is provided specifically to facilitate the implementation of capital expenditure projects, is not identified within bilateral project and programme expenditures, and, as a result, it is not separately identified as technical cooperation in statistics of ‘aggregate flows’. This means that the volume of technical assistance is under-reported within the OECD data.