The definitions in this glossary are drawn from several sources, including Chatham House’s resource Gender, think-tanks and international affairs: a toolkit (2021); Stonewall UK; the European Institute for Gender Equality; and UN Women. The definitions in this glossary are non-exhaustive, and every effort has been made to sure they are accurate, representative and inclusive.
Cybercrime
There is no strict or universal definition of cybercrime, but the term is often used to refer to criminal activities carried out on or using the internet.
Cybercrime capacity-building
Cybercrime capacity-building describes the work of experts and national, regional and international organizations in developing, implementing and strengthening measures for responding to, reducing and combating cybercrime.
Cyber-dependent crimes
Cyber-dependent crimes are crimes that are committed using ICTs.
Cyber-enabled crimes
Cyber-enabled crimes are crimes that are carried out online but may also be committed offline.
Do no harm
Under ‘do no harm’ principles, an action is conducted in a way that avoids exposing already vulnerable people to additional risks and harms. This is done by actively seeking to mitigate negative impacts and designing interventions accordingly.
Gender
Gender refers to structural and cultural systems and markers that are often expressed in binary terms of masculinity and femininity. Gender exists on a spectrum and is socioculturally constructed. The word ‘gender’ is also often incorrectly assumed to be synonymous with ‘women’.
Gender-aware
Being gender-aware means being cognizant of the gendered impacts of an activity, policy, position, product, etc., and actively working to mitigate or reduce harms from such impacts.
Gender-blind
Being gender-blind is to not consider someone’s gender when making a decision.
Gender-disaggregated
Gender-disaggregated often refers to data, but can also relate to other aspects of analysis. To gender-disaggregate something is to collect and tabulate information based on gender identity to ensure the acknowledgment and analysis of differences.
Gender equity and sensitivity
Gender equity and sensitivity refers to fairness in the treatment of people, with appropriate accommodations made for those who are historically disadvantaged or marginalized, and awareness of the inherent biases and stereotypes that manifest themselves as discrimination. When activities, policies and processes are ‘gender-sensitive’, it means that they intentionally treat people as equal and with respect, and address inequalities that derive from gender identity.
Gendered harms
Gendered harms refer to risks, harms and discrimination of and to a person based on – and often specific or exclusive to – their gender. These are not always sexual harms or sex crimes.
Gendered impacts
Gendered impacts refer to the likely outcomes or consequences of an activity, policy, position, product, etc. based on an individual’s gender identity. These are often negative consequences, or consequences that reinforce cultural hierarchies.
Gender lens
Applying a gender lens to something means actively assessing its gendered impacts.
Gender-neutral
Gender-neutral refers to scenarios, products, innovations, etc. that have neither a positive nor a negative impact when it comes to gender relations.
Gender-nonconforming
A person who is gender-nonconforming does not align with the conventional traits attributed to any gender.
Gender-responsiveness
Gender-responsiveness means that intended and realized outcomes have reflected on gendered inequalities.
Internet service provider
An internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides users with access to the internet.
Interpersonal crime
Interpersonal crimes are ones that are often committed repeatedly in order to establish a pattern of behaviour that uses fear or intimidation to exert control over another person.
Intersecting identities
The study of intersectionality, a term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, seeks to understand how gender interacts with race and other social categories and identities, and how forms of discrimination are manifested based on these intersections. Intersecting identities refers to the multiple categories and characteristics with which people identify. Often these identities are perceived as being inseparable.
Male-by-default design
Male-by-default design refers to the concept that the default gender – among and for which systems, concepts, ideas, policies and activities have been designed – is ‘man’. This is related to androcentrism, which is the practice of centring a masculine world view and marginalizing others.
Non-binary
Non-binary refers to people who do not identify as ‘man’ or ‘woman’. This can also include people who identify with some aspects of the identities that are traditionally associated with men and women.
Safeguarding
Safeguarding is the act, process or practice of protecting people from harm, and the measures in place to enable this protection.