The sabotage of the Nord Stream natural gas pipeline in 2022 exposed vulnerabilities in Europe’s energy system and wider infrastructure. It also highlighted risks linked to Russia’s grey-zone warfare and the vulnerability of undersea networks. It has driven efforts to strengthen resilience and raised urgent questions about Europe’s readiness to deter and respond to future threats.
This session discusses:
- What do we know about who was behind the Nord Stream sabotage?
- Has Europe learned the lessons from Nord Stream?
- What progress has Europe made on achieving energy independence?
- How exposed is Europe’s critical infrastructure to future attacks?
- What has Europe done to strengthen the protection of undersea networks?
