The book smugglers who helped topple the Soviet empire

A secret CIA operation spent decades flooding the Eastern Bloc with banned literature – nowhere more successfully than Poland in the 1980s, writes Charlie English.

The World Today

Published 10 March 2025 — 5 minute READ

Image — A book stall in Bydgoszcz, Poland, in 1967. About 10 million books are thought to have been smuggled by the CIA through the Iron Curtain. Poland was particuarly receptive to the blacklisted literature. Photo: Erich Andres/United Archives via Getty Images.

Friday March 23, 1984, dawned cold and grey at the Baltic port of Swinoujscie, in northwestern Poland, as the rusting ferry Wilanów, arriving from Copenhagen, spilled vehicles on to the dock, where they formed a queue for customs checks. Near the back of the line was a Mercedes lorry loaded with a charitable shipment of clothes and medicine, driven by a young French tax official named Jacky Challot.

As was usual when he reached the head of the queue, Challot handed out dollars, western chocolate and Marlboro cigarettes to smooth his way through the border. But just as the lorry was about to be waved on, a senior officer spotted something others had missed: the vehicle seemed shorter inside than out.

‘Reactionary propaganda!’

The officer called in a team of specialists, who broke through the wall at the front of the truck’s cargo bay, exposing a secret compartment. As dozens of books began to tumble out, the officer lost his cool.

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