About the Authors
David Livingstone is an associate fellow at Chatham House, where he has participated in a broad range of projects on national-level risk management, cybersecurity, counterterrorism, serious organized crime, nuclear security and space security. He has given evidence to the UK parliament, has provided expert witness services to the Central Criminal Court, and is a regular media commentator. In his previous military career, he was policy lead on Military Aid to the Civil Powers at the UK Ministry of Defence between 1994 and 1999. He was a staff officer in the ‘COBR’ national crisis management centre, and worked on a number of cabinet official committees dealing with counterterrorism and security. He was a founder member of the cabinet official committee on cybersecurity in 1996. He currently advises government and commercial clients on security capability development in various capacities, including as cybersecurity strategy adviser to the Scottish government; doctrine development for the UK Financial Services Virtual Task Force; contributing to National Audit Office studies on the UK’s cybersecurity strategy; and as author of the ACPO (Association of Chief Police Officers) 2011 Cyber Crime Strategy.
Dr Patricia M. Lewis is the research director of the International Security Department at Chatham House. Her former posts include deputy director and scientist-in-residence at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies; director of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research; and director of VERTIC. She served on the 2004–06 Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission and the 2010–11 Advisory Panel on Future Priorities of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and was an adviser to the 2008–10 International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament. She is currently a commissioner on the 2014–16 Global Commission on Internet Governance, and is a member of the European External Action Service Space Advisory Board as a senior adviser to the EU Special Envoy for Space. She publishes widely on all aspects of international security, including chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons; conventional forces; cybersecurity; space security; internet governance; terrorism; and conflict prevention. She holds a BSc in physics from the University of Manchester, a PhD in nuclear physics from the University of Birmingham, and an Honorary LLD from the University of Warwick. She is the recipient of the American Physical Society’s 2009 Joseph A. Burton Forum Award recognizing ‘outstanding contributions to the public understanding or resolution of issues involving the interface of physics and society’.