
Conclusion
Any attempt to reform aspects of Iraq’s public sector, no matter how small, is a daunting task. There is likely to be stiff resistance from actors who have no interest in changing the status quo. But Iraq can draw on comparative experiences from other countries, which offer the government a roadmap for initiating successful reforms as long as there is sufficient political will. This is of course a major caveat, since political will is not guaranteed and its absence has had numerous detrimental consequences in Iraq’s most recent history. That is why it is so incumbent upon Iraq’s policy experts to use incontrovertible facts and figures to demonstrate to the country’s leaders the acute and urgent imperative for action.
While international assistance efforts have often been counterproductive, they still have a useful role to play in the future. By providing technical know-how, ensuring local ownership, and closely monitoring and evaluating assistance, international efforts can contribute to long-lasting positive change.37 Consistency, however, is crucial, since whatever degree of assistance the international community offers should be backed up with sufficient resources that reflect its commitment to seeing results on the ground.
Finally, although reform endeavours should always take a long view, it is important not to overlook the sense of urgency to address today’s challenges. However, there are few shortcuts to sustained public sector reform and time is not on Iraq’s side. The sooner it can embark on a viable public sector reform path, the greater the chances of salvaging the country before it is too late.