Agri-food systems: All the interconnected activities and actors involved in getting food from field to fork. This encompasses everything from agricultural production and processing, to distribution, consumption and waste management.
Build funding: Investments that directly set up or strengthen the operation of anticipatory action frameworks, e.g. to improve risk data and early-warning processes.
Cascading risk: Refers to the knock-on impact of a hazard in one location that triggers a sequence of secondary events, across borders and sectors, and impacts and spreads through interconnected systems.
Disasters: The direct or indirect results of hazards that negatively impact a population or systems; serious events, often involving loss of life, injury, or severe disruption, that often require external assistance to mitigate or recover from the impact.
Disaster risk reduction: Preventing new, and reducing existing, disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development.
Early-warning systems: An integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, disaster risk assessment, communication and preparedness activities, systems and processes that enable individuals, communities, governments, businesses and others to take timely action to reduce disaster risks in advance of hazardous events.
Exposure: The people, activities and assets that may be affected by a physical hazard, such as numbers of people living on floodplains or the location and timing of crop production.
Fuel funding: Funds released to implement pre-planned interventions in the event of a disaster or shock.
Hazard: Any potential threat or event that can cause harm. Can include slow-onset (e.g. droughts) or rapid-onset (e.g. flash floods) events and can be both natural and man-made phenomena.
Multi-hazard early-warning systems: Systems that address several hazards and/or impacts of similar or different type in contexts where hazardous events may occur alone, simultaneously, cascadingly or cumulatively over time, and which take into account the potential interrelated effects.
Risk: The interaction of hazards, exposure to the hazard(s) and vulnerability to the hazard(s).
Risk value chain: The interconnected, end-to-end process of producing a warning and the subsequent actions taken to reduce risk.
Triggering hazard: An initial hazard event that initiates a risk cascade.
Threshold conditions: A predetermined, typically quantitative, criterion that, when met, is used to initiate actions. For example, forecast temperatures of over 40°C can trigger the opening of cooling centres.
Undernourishment: The condition of a person that is not able to acquire enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary energy requirements, over a period of one year.
Vulnerability: The propensity of what is exposed to hazard to suffer harm or loss. More difficult to quantify than hazard or exposure. It includes the ability and capacity to adapt to impact.
