A fair pandemic treaty is unlikely, but poorer countries have healthy options

Disagreements between high- and lower-income countries have left the pandemic preparedness treaty in intensive care. The prescription? Developing nations can look to each other for health equity, writes Ebere Okereke.

The World Today

Published 10 March 2025 — 3 minute READ

Image — Employees on the production line of Sinovac Biotech's Covid vaccine in Sao Paulo in 2021. Brazil is emerging as a key partner of the African Union to help expand the continent's manufacturing capability. Photo: Nelson Almeida/ AFP via Getty Images.

Five years after the world was in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic, the deadline looms for finalizing a global pandemic preparedness treaty. The completion date for the treaty, which aims to address profound disparities in global health systems exposed by the COVID pandemic, has already been extended by one year to the World Health Assembly in May. 

But the likelihood of reaching a comprehensive agreement by then is small. The impasse between developed economies and the Global South on issues from financing to benefit sharing is resulting in a dilution of the treaty’s commitments. The recent withdrawal of the United States from the World Health Organization suggests that even if a treaty is agreed, it may not be universally adopted.

But hope is not lost. To advance towards global health equity, lower-income countries must sidestep the deadlock with developed economies and look to each other for solutions. 

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