Angola’s critical mineral express

Photographer Tommy Trenchard tells Iona Allan about his journey along the 800-mile Lobito Railway and how a multi billion-dollar investment by the US and European interests is heating up a global race to secure supplies of copper, cobalt and other resources needed for the green energy transition.

The World Today

Published 15 December 2025

Updated 16 December 2025 — 3 minute READ

Image — A nurse commutes on the Lobito Railway through Angola’s Lunda Norte province. Photo: Tommy Trenchard/ Panos Pictures

Tommy Trenchard

Photographer and journalist, Freelance

The Lobito Railway has a long history of foreign ownership and investment. When did construction start?

It was initiated around the turn of the 20th century when Angola was still a Portuguese colony and built over the following 30 years. The idea was to connect Angola’s Atlantic port of Lobito with the mineral rich interior of central Africa, particularly those areas in what are now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Zambia. By the early 1970s, the railway was the country’s largest single employer, transporting large numbers of passengers and huge amounts of cargo to and from Central Africa. 

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