Europe is experiencing a second wave of nationalist populism, typically emanating from the far right. At national and European levels, these forces are shaping policy debates on a range of issues, from climate and migration to the economy and foreign affairs. Their growth constitutes one part of a triple threat to Europe, alongside Russia’s war in Ukraine and America’s retreat from its traditional alliances.
It is also no coincidence that these are the political forces Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump support. Yet Europe can, and hopefully will, counter the threat they represent. The initial wave of nationalist populism arose after the financial and migration crises in Europe. Hungary gave the first indication of its appeal to voters when Viktor Orbán was elected prime minister in 2010.
