‘Happy vassal’ or ‘strategic hedging’? Europe’s hard choices as NATO crumbles

Europe has four long-term paths to security autonomy from America – which it takes will depend on electorates’ appetites for far greater political integration and financial sacrifice, says Glyn Morgan.

The World Today

Published 15 June 2026

Updated 17 June 2026 — 6 minute READ

Image — Members of the European Union’s military force, EUFOR, take part in a riot simulation exercise in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Photo: Elvis Barukcic/Getty Images.

Glyn Morgan

Director of the Moynihan Center for European Studies, Syracuse University

The NATO summit in The Hague last year passed more smoothly than many had feared. Credit was due partly to Secretary General Mark Rutte’s now-notorious flattery of President Donald Trump, whom he referred to as ‘Daddy’, and partly to the allies bowing to US demands to spend more money on defence.

Those fearing a repeat of the contentious Brussels summit of 2018 – where Trump reportedly threatened to pull the United States out of NATO – were pleasantly surprised. Unfortunately, the Ankara summit in July threatens a return to the fractious atmosphere of 2018.

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